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联合国第三次海洋法会议经过艰苦卓绝的谈判诞生了人类历史上迄今为止最为全面、最为完整的海洋法典——1982年《联合国海洋法公约》。《公约》创设了以第76条和附件二为核心的200海里以外大陆架的法律制度,使沿海国得以在大陆架界限委员会的指导和协助下依据国际法建立范围最大、也是最后的国家管辖海域。地理位置相对不利的中国虽然存在一定的机遇,但来自周边各国的严峻挑战使得中国在东海、南海的200海里以外大陆架的划界异常艰难。中国需要在国家层面从历史性权力和全球战略的视角提出中国未来海洋权益的目标和对策。
The Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, after arduous negotiations, gave birth to the most comprehensive and complete codex in human history so far - the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The Convention created the legal regime for the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles centered on article 76 and annex II to enable coastal States to establish the largest and final sea of State jurisdiction under international law, with the guidance and assistance of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. Although China possesses certain opportunities in a relatively unfavorable geographical position, the harsh challenges from neighboring countries make it extremely difficult for China to delimit its continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. China needs to propose the goals and countermeasures for China’s future maritime rights and interests at the national level from the perspective of historic power and global strategy.