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根据Riddle的分析: 说话人在交际中的观点和目的对选择用过去时还是现在时有至关重要的作用。某个情况的时间框架是从过去延伸到现在,如果讲话者的目的是提供信息或从过去的观点问一个问题,那么这个情况可能用过去时描述而不是用现在时或现在完成时描述。所谓说话者可能持“过去观点”,这里有两层含义: 1.过去的联系:一个人与某一情况过去有联系这种事实或性质比该情况客观存在于现在与说话目的更相关。……这种情况下,过去时起标示主观态度的作用。 2.背景信息:尽管要提供的信息是有关在主观上可看作存在于现在或过去的情况(如上面这种情况),但是这种信息却被认为是要强调的现在信息之背景。这里过去时起使信息背景化的话语组织作用。(PP.269—270)
According to Riddle’s analysis, the perspective and purpose of the speaker in communication are crucial to the choice of the past or present. The temporal framework of a situation stretches from the past to the present, and if the speaker’s purpose is to provide information or ask a question from past perspectives, the situation may be described in the past rather than in the present or in the present. The so-called speaker may hold the “past viewpoint”, which has two meanings: 1. Past contact: The fact or nature of a person’s connection with a past situation is more relevant than the objective existence of the situation for the present and the purpose of speaking. ... In this case, the role of subjective attitudes marks the past. 2. Background Information: Although the information to be provided is relevant to what may be subjectively seen as present or past (as in the above case), such information is considered to be the context in which the present information is to be emphasized. Here, the past, the information organization of the role of discourse. (PP.269-270)