两次世界大战,给西方世界投下了一层难以抹掉的阴影,特别是对西方知识分子造成了一种精神上的恐怖。战后西方科学技术和物质生产的高度发展,又使他们深深感受到西方社会的危机意识和人性的“异化”。再加上柏格森的生命哲学、弗洛依德的精神分析学、海德格尔和萨特等人的存在主义的泛滥。凡此种种,造成了非理性的神秘主义、不可知论的现代派创作思想的盛行。现代派作家认为文学所要表现的“真实”不是外在 The two world wars cast a shadow of elusiveness to the western world, and in particular caused a kind of spiritual terror to western intellectuals. After the war, the highly developed western science and technology and material production made them deeply feel the “alienation” of the crisis awareness and human nature in Western society. Together with Bergson’s philosophy of life, Freud’s psychoanalysis, the proliferation of existentialism such as Heidegger and Sartre. All these kinds have created irrational mysticism and the agnostic ideology of modernist writers. Modernist writers think that the “truth” to be represented by literature is not external