目的了解哈尔滨市中学生饮酒行为现状,探讨家庭、朋友及广告等环境因素对其产生的影响,为制定预防中学生饮酒相关政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽取哈尔滨市2个城区和2个县的46所初中、高中和职业中学共计5 799名中学生,进行自填匿名式问卷调查。结果中学生饮酒率和醉酒率分别为49.6%和18.6%;第一次饮酒、醉酒年龄所占比例最高年龄组分别是14~15岁和16~17岁,分别为10.8%和5.7%;2 650名饮酒中学生中,22.0%喝酒后会脸红,其中7.0%选择喝酒后脸红继续喝。过去30 d内,父母亲喝酒、互联网等媒体中没见过反对喝酒的信息等是中学生饮酒的危险因素,最好朋友不喝酒、广播/海报没见过酒广告和有卖家因为未成年而拒绝向你卖酒则是保护因素(P值均<0.05)。结论哈尔滨市中学生饮酒率和醉酒率较高,初次饮酒年龄较低,家庭、朋友和广告环境均存在影响中学生饮酒的危险因素。建立良好的社会、家庭及朋友关系均有助于预防青少年饮酒行为的发生。 Objective To understand the status quo of drinking behavior among middle school students in Harbin and explore the impact of environmental factors such as family, friends and advertising on them and provide a scientific basis for formulating policies on preventing middle school students from drinking alcohol. Methods A total of 5 799 middle school students from 46 middle schools, high schools and vocational secondary schools in 2 urban districts and 2 counties of Harbin were stratified by multi-stage stratified random cluster to conduct self-anonymous anonymous questionnaire. Results The drinking rate and drunkenness rate of middle school students were 49.6% and 18.6% respectively. The highest drinking and drunk age groups were 14-15 years old and 16-17 years old respectively, which were 10.8% and 5.7% 22.0% of middle school students who drink alcohol will be blushing, of which 7.0% choose to drink blush after drinking. In the past 30 days, parents, alcohol, Internet and other media have not seen the anti-drinking information is a risk factor for drinking high school students, the best friends do not drink, radio / posters have not seen wine ads and sellers refused because of minor Selling you wine is a protective factor (P <0.05). Conclusions The drinking rate and drunkenness rate of middle school students in Harbin are relatively high, the first drinking age is lower, and the risk factors of drinking in middle school students are family, friends and advertising environment. Establishing a good social, family and friends relationship can help prevent young people from drinking alcohol.