２１世纪是知识经济的时代，这对于发展中国家既是机遇又是挑战。本文通过对知识经济特征的分析，指出了建构中国城乡资本结构的客观必然性及其具体内容，即通过调整经济结构，产业优化升级，建构以国有资本为主体的多元化城市资本结构和联产承包责任制下的多元化农村资本结构。 The 21st century is an era of knowledge-based economy, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for developing countries. By analyzing the characteristics of knowledge economy, this paper points out the objective necessity and specific contents of constructing urban and rural capital structure in China, that is, through the adjustment of economic structure and optimization and upgrading of industries, the construction of diversified urban capital structure and co-generation contract with state capital as the main body Diversified rural capital structure under the responsibility system.