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目的调查研究养猪相关职业人群乙型肝炎病毒感染情况。方法2007年在北京市顺义、昌平、通州、大兴、平谷5个区采用横断面调查的方法,调查屠宰场、养殖场和散养户家庭养猪相关从业人员,记录职业情况并采集血清标本,采用雅培微粒子酶免疫测定方法检测乙肝5项。结果在264例养猪相关职业人群中,HBsAg阳性率为4.55%,感染主要集中在青壮年组,45岁～组表面抗原阳性率最高为15.79%,外地户籍调查对象的HBsAg阳性率明显高于本市对象。Anti-HBc阳性率为41.67%,其中养殖场人员Anti-HBc阳性率最高(52.17%),显著高于散养户(48.00%)和屠宰厂职工(31.67%);北京地区猪养殖、屠宰业人员HBsAg阳性率与1992年全人群调查结果相比降低趋势已十分明显,但上述人群的HBsAg阳性率仍高于2006年北京市人群乙肝血清流行病学研究的水平。结论养猪业相关职业人群具有特殊的职业特征。年龄、职业、户籍等因素对乙型肝炎感染有一定的影响;猪养殖、屠宰等相关从业人员仍是该市病毒性肝炎防治的重点人群。
Objective To investigate the status of hepatitis B virus infection in pig-related occupational groups. Methods In 2007, cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 5 districts of Shunyi, Changping, Tongzhou, Daxing and Pinggu in Beijing to investigate pig-related employees and slaughterhouses, Abbott microparticle enzyme immunoassay was used to detect 5 hepatitis B patients. Results In 264 pig-related occupational groups, the positive rate of HBsAg was 4.55%. The infection was mainly concentrated in young and middle-aged adults. The highest positive rate of surface antigens was 45.79% The city object. The positive rate of Anti-HBc was 41.67%, among which the positive rate of Anti-HBc in farms was the highest (52.17%), significantly higher than those in free-breeding households (48.00%) and those in slaughter plants (31.67%). Pig breeding and slaughtering The decreasing trend of HBsAg positive rate among the population was obvious compared with the whole population survey in 1992. However, the HBsAg positive rate of these population is still higher than that of Beijing population in 2006. Conclusion The pig-related occupational groups have special occupational characteristics. Age, occupation, household registration and other factors have a certain impact on hepatitis B infection; pig breeding, slaughtering and other related personnel is still the focus of the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis in the city.