论文部分内容阅读
规模化畜禽养殖的废物排放是中国农村生态环境污染的主要原因之一,如何生态处理这些废物是当前生态建设亟待解决的问题。该文通过盆栽试验并结合一定规模示范,研究了以大薸(Pistia stratiotes)为生态塘的水质净化植物,同时作为渔业饵料设计的生态塘-渔业模式对猪场粪污沼液中氮、磷的消纳。结果表明,沼液中氮、磷浓度在合适范围(NH_4~+-N为3.0~5.0 mg/L,TP为0.38~0.63 mg/L)时,大薸生长速度较快,7 d内平均单株有效分蘖数可达9.3个,鲜重增重率则达140.8%;大薸具有较强的水质净化能力,氮的平均去除率达97.2%,磷达85.1%。生态塘(400 m~2)示范结果进一步证实,大面积种植大薸并用作饵料(放养模式为青-草-鲢-鳙-鲫-扁),水体的氮、磷并未出现持续升高现象,相反,总体下降,说明大薸生态塘-渔业养殖模式能够有效地消纳沼液中的氮、磷。据捕捞对象总产量及其体内氮、磷含量,在维持水质不变的前提下,1 hm~2生态塘1年可安全消纳猪场粪污沼液约2 761 m~3(相当氮为726.8 kg,磷为74.6 kg)。沼液-大薸-养鱼放养模式的年利润为全投喂配合饲料养鱼利润的200%左右。该结果说明,生态塘-渔业模式可有效地利用水环境中的氮、磷,实现污水的生态处理。
Waste discharge from large-scale livestock and poultry farming is one of the major causes of ecological environment pollution in rural China. How to treat these wastes ecologically is an urgent problem to be solved in current ecological construction. In this paper, through pot experiment and demonstration of a certain scale, the paper studied the water purification plant with Pistia stratiotes as ecological pond and ecological pond designed as bait of fishery. Consumption. The results showed that when the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the biogas slurry were within the proper range (NH_4 ~ + -N of 3.0 ~ 5.0 mg / L and TP of 0.38 ~ 0.63 mg / L) The number of effective tillers reached 9.3 and the fresh weight gain rate reached 140.8%. The average removal rate of nitrogen reached 97.2% and the phosphorus reached 85.1%. The results of the ecological pond (400 m ~ 2) further confirmed that there was no continuous increase of nitrogen and phosphorus in water when large-scale cultivation of mackerel and use as bait (stocking pattern of green-grass-silver carp, bighead carp-crucian carp- On the contrary, the overall decline indicates that the Tai Po Ecological Pond - a model of fishery aquaculture can effectively eliminate nitrogen and phosphorus in biogas slurry. According to the total catch of the fishery and its nitrogen and phosphorus content, under the premise of maintaining the water quality, 1 hm ~ 2 ecological pond can safely consume about 2 761 m ~ 3 of manure slurry in pig farm for 1 year 726.8 kg, phosphorus is 74.6 kg). Biogas slurry - Otsuka - the annual profit of stocking patterns of fish fed the feed for the whole 200% of the profit. The results show that ecological ponds - fishery model can effectively use nitrogen and phosphorus in the water environment to achieve the ecological treatment of sewage.