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所谓交流就是人们借助共同的符号系统所进行的思想交换,科学交流则是人们在从事科研生产活动中进行的知识交流。科学交流分为横向交流和纵向交流。横向交流是同时代(在时间轴的同一横断面)不同地域的人之间的交流,这种交流可以是双向的,具有反馈功能;纵向交流确切地说是纵向传递,是通过载体将前辈人的经验和知识传给后辈人。知识的传播大致可以划分为三个阶段:第一阶段,知识产生初期,沿空间序列传播的趋向占有明显的优势,新知识在较短的时间内传播到许多国家、地区、团体和个人。这一时期知识传播的特点是,新知识通过各种渠道从原始发祥地迅速向外扩散,在传播地域上不断扩大。第二阶段,当知识的传播达到某种平衡状态,即知识比较普遍地被人们了解的时候,其沿空间序列传播的趋势逐渐减弱,沿
The so-called exchange is the exchange of ideas that people make with the help of a common symbolic system. Scientific exchange is the exchange of knowledge that people engage in in scientific research and production activities. Scientific exchange is divided into horizontal exchange and vertical exchange. Horizontal exchange is the same generation (in the same axis of cross-section of the same cross-section) between different regions of the human exchange, this exchange can be two-way, with feedback; vertical communication is the vertical transmission is through the carrier predecessors The experience and knowledge passed to the younger generation. The dissemination of knowledge can be roughly divided into three stages: In the first stage, the trend of dissemination along spatial sequences occupies obvious advantages in the early stage of knowledge generation. New knowledge spread to many countries, regions, groups and individuals in a relatively short period of time. The characteristic of knowledge dissemination during this period is that new knowledge is rapidly diffused from the original birthplace through various channels and is expanding in geographical area of propagation. In the second stage, when the spread of knowledge reaches a state of equilibrium, that is, when knowledge is more commonly understood by people, its tendency of spreading along the spatial sequence is gradually weakened.