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为了解福建三沙湾滩涂表层沉积物污染现状,对三沙湾滩涂表层沉积物中7种重金属污染物(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As)、非金属污染物(有机碳、硫化物、油类、总磷和总氮)含量及氧化还原电位Eh、pH值进行了检测及相关性分析,并应用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其进行综合评价。结果表明,表层沉积物重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As平均含量分别为20.9、49.9、110.4、0.136、46.6、o.028、6.64 mg/kg,油类、硫化物、有机碳、总磷、总氮平均含量分别为36.5 mg/kg、38.4 mg/kg、0.76%、0.42%、0.12%。Eh变化范围在-178~171 mV之间,平均值为-56.4mV,pH的变化范围在6.74~7.06,均值是6.91。除Cu和Zn外,其他各重金属之间没有显著相关性(P>0.05);除重金属Cu与有机碳和总氮、Zn与总氮、Hg与油类之间存在着显著或极显著相关关系外(P<0.05),其他重金属与非金属污染物之间相关性均不显著(P>0.05);非金属污染物之间相关系数较低;Eh与硫化物呈现显著相关(P<0.05)。重金属单因子指数依次为Pb(2.00)>Zn(1.38)>Cr(0.78)>Cu(0.70)>As(0.44)>Cd(0.27)>Hg(0.14),Cu、Cd、Hg、Cr、As为低污染,Pb、Zn为中污染;重金属内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为1.53,属中污染水平。单项重金属潜在生态风险参数依次为Pb(9.98)>Cd(8.16)>Hg(5.52)>As(4.43)>Cu(3.49)>Cr(1.55)>Zn(1.38),潜在生态风险指数(RI)为34.51,属于低潜在生态风险。该滩涂属于两种非金属污染物含量超标中的N、P含量超标亚类。
In order to understand the status of surface sediment pollution in Sansha Bay beach in Fujian Province, seven heavy metal pollutants (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, As) and nonmetallic pollutants , Sulfide, oil, total phosphorus and total nitrogen), redox potential (Eh) and pH value were measured and analyzed. Single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index Law on its comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in surface sediments were 20.9, 49.9, 110.4, 0.136, 46.6, The average contents of carbon, total phosphorus and total nitrogen were 36.5 mg / kg, 38.4 mg / kg, 0.76%, 0.42% and 0.12% respectively. Eh ranged from -178 to 171 mV with an average of -56.4 mV. The pH ranged from 6.74 to 7.06 with a mean of 6.91. Except for Cu and Zn, there was no significant correlation between other heavy metals (P> 0.05). Except heavy metal Cu and organic carbon and total nitrogen, Zn and total nitrogen, Hg and oil had significant or extremely significant correlation (P <0.05). There was no significant correlation between other heavy metals and nonmetallic pollutants (P> 0.05). The correlation coefficient of nonmetallic pollutants was low. Eh was significantly correlated with sulfides (P <0.05) . The single factor index of heavy metals were Pb (2.00)> Zn (1.38)> Cr (0.78)> Cu 0.70> As 0.44> Cd 0.27> Hg 0.14, Cu, Cd, Hg, Cr, As For low pollution, Pb, Zn for the pollution; heavy metals Nemerow comprehensive pollution index average of 1.53, is the level of pollution. The potential ecological risk parameters of single heavy metal were Pb (9.98)> Cd (8.16)> Hg (5.52)> As (4.43)> Cu (3.49)> Cr (1.55)> Zn (1.38), and potential ecological risk index (RI) Is 34.51, which belongs to low potential ecological risk. The beach belong to two kinds of non-metallic pollutants in excess of N, P content exceeded the sub-category.