胃、食管早期癌的概念由日本胃癌研究会于１９６２年正式提出：即限于粘膜层或粘膜下层的肿瘤，无论其有无淋巴结转移。早期消化道肿瘤淋巴结远处转移率很低，且病灶往往较小，这就为其在内镜下切除并根治提供了可能，内镜下粘膜切除术（ｅｎｄｏｓｃｏｐｉｃ　ｍｕｃｏｓａｌ The concept of early gastric, esophageal cancer was formally proposed by the Japanese Gastric Cancer Research Association in 1962: it was limited to mucosal or submucosal tumors, regardless of lymph node metastasis. The distant metastasis rate of lymph nodes in early gastrointestinal cancers is very low, and the lesions are often small, which provides the possibility of endoscopic resection and radical surgery. Endoscopic mucosal