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电力实时定价制较之传统固定定价法更能提高社会总体福利,实现资源的优化配置。近20年来,发达国家学者对这个问题进行了深入的研究,而电力部门则进行了卓有成效的尝试。本文总结了电力实时定价制在美国的发展历程,分析了每一阶段的经济特征,探讨了电力实时定价制取得成功的两个关键因素:价格反应和提前通知。国外的理论和实践表明,尽管实时电价具有很大的经济效率,但其实际操作和广泛实施仍然受到很多因素的制约。了解国外有关电力实时定价制的研究和实践成果,对于我国当前电力定价的市场化改革具有重要的意义。
Compared with the traditional fixed pricing method, the real-time electricity pricing system can improve the overall social welfare and realize the optimal allocation of resources. In the past 20 years, scholars from developed countries have conducted an in-depth study on this issue, while the power sector has made fruitful attempts. This paper summarizes the development of real-time electricity pricing in the United States, analyzes the economic characteristics of each stage, and discusses two key factors that make the real-time electricity pricing successful: price response and advance notice. Foreign theory and practice show that, despite the great economic efficiency of real-time electricity prices, but its actual operation and widespread implementation are still subject to many factors. Understanding foreign research on the real-time pricing system and the results of practice is of great significance to the current market-oriented reform of electricity pricing in our country.