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本文用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、红外光谱分析（IR）、透射电镜（TEM）及X射线荧光分析（XRF）对浙江省三种红、紫色砂页岩发育的红砂土、紫砂土和红紫砂土的矿物进行了分析。结果表明这三种土壤的全量化学组成有很大的差别，其中以铁、钛、锰及盐基元素的差别最为明显，体现了这三种土壤的成土母质形成于不同的沉积环境。红砂土以无序态高岭石和埃洛石为主，伴有一定数量的水云母和蛙石。紫砂土以水云母为主。伴有一定数量的埃洛石和蒙脱石，红紫砂土以蒙脱石和赤铁矿为主。三种土壤的晶态氧化铁组成也有很大的差异，紫砂土与红紫砂土为无铝替代的赤铁矿，而红砂土是由数量相近的赤铁矿和针铁矿所组成，并存在一定量的铝同晶替代，铁氧化物类型和数量的差异导致了三种土壤颜色的差别。
In this paper, red sand soil, purple sand soil and sandy soil with developed red and purple sand shale in Zhejiang Province were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) The minerals of the red clay are analyzed. The results showed that the total chemical composition of these three kinds of soils differed greatly. The most obvious difference was iron, titanium, manganese and their basic elements, which indicated that the parent materials of these three soils formed in different depositional environments. Red sand soil with disorder state kaolinite and halloysite-based, accompanied by a certain amount of aqua mica and frog stone. Zisha soil dominated by water mica. Accompanied by a certain number of halloysite and montmorillonite, purple soil with montmorillonite and hematite dominated. There are also large differences in the crystalline iron oxide compositions of the three soils. The purple and red-violet sand are aluminum-free hematite, while the red sand is composed of similar numbers of hematite and goethite There is a certain amount of substitution of aluminum isomorphism, the difference of iron oxide type and quantity leads to the difference of three soil colors.