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2016年8月16日1时40分,我国长征二号运载火箭成功将世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”发射升空。然而,有关宇宙微波背景辐射(Cosmic Microwave Background radiation,简称CMB)对量子卫星信道通信性能及纠缠储备量影响的研究,至今尚未展开。为此,本文根据CMB辐射谱与黑体辐射谱完美的拟合特性和小尺度范围内的各向异性,得到CMB绝对温度、辐射波长和黑体辐出度的关系。针对幅值阻尼信道,建立了CMB绝对温度、黑体辐出度、辐射波长、信道平均保真度和纠缠度之间的定量关系。仿真结果表明,当CMB绝对温度为2.7K和3.0K时,黑体辐出度分别为0.03 W·μm和3.72 W·μm,量子卫星信道的平均保真度和纠缠度分别为0.64、0.43和0.41、0.12。由此可见,CMB对量子卫星信道通信性能的影响极大。因此,在实际的量子卫星通信系统中,应根据不同的CMB绝对温度,自适应调节算符纠缠的幺正操作,改变信道的纠缠储备量,使信道纠缠度维持在相对稳定的状态,降低CMB对卫星信道通信性能的影响。
At 1640 on August 16, 2016, China’s Long March II launch vehicle successfully launched the world’s first quantum scientific experimental satellite “Mozi”. However, the research on the influence of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) on the performance of quantum satellite communication and entanglement reserve has not been done yet. Therefore, based on the perfect fitting characteristic of CMB radiation spectrum and black body radiation spectrum and the anisotropy in the small scale range, the relationship between the absolute temperature of CMB, the wavelength of radiation and the black body radiation degree is obtained. For amplitude damped channel, the quantitative relationship between absolute temperature of CMB, blackbody radiation, wavelength of radiation, mean fidelity of channel and entanglement is established. The simulation results show that when the absolute temperature of CMB is 2.7K and 3.0K, the black body radiation degrees are 0.03 W · μm and 3.72 W · μm, respectively. The average fidelity and entanglement of quantum satellite channels are 0.64, 0.43 and 0.41 , 0.12. Thus, CMB has a great influence on the performance of quantum satellite channel communication. Therefore, in practical quantum satellite communication system, the unitary operation of operator entanglement should be adaptively adjusted according to the different absolute temperature of CMB, and the entanglement reserve of channel should be changed to keep the channel entanglement relatively stable, and the CMB Impact on Satellite Channel Communication Performance.