在许多亚洲发展中国家中,工业化未能达到吸收过剩劳动力、减轻贫困和使各地区经济较均衡地增长的预期目标。大多数国家所采取的大规模进口替代措施往往导致了高度资本密集技术的使用,创造的就业机会很少,以及由于严重依赖进口而使国际收支的失衡更加恶化。鉴于上述情况,发展中小型企业就被看成是促进工业化的另一种较合适的供选方案。总的说来,有活力的中小型企业部门不仅有助于创造就业机会,而且还有助于赚取外汇,提高劳动力的素质和将技术知识传遍整个经济。这些企业通过把那些闲置不用的储蓄、劳动力和原料吸引到经济生产中去而促进了国内资源的筹措。它们除了供应低收入消 In many Asian developing countries, industrialization failed to meet the expected goal of absorbing surplus labor, reducing poverty and bringing more balanced growth in all regions. The large-scale import substitution measures adopted in most countries have often resulted in the use of highly capital-intensive technologies, the creation of fewer employment opportunities and the worsening of the balance of payments imbalances due to heavy reliance on imports. In the light of the above, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is regarded as another more appropriate alternative for promoting industrialization. In general, a dynamic SME sector not only helps create jobs but also helps to earn foreign exchange, improve the quality of the workforce and disseminate technical knowledge throughout the economy. These enterprises have promoted the mobilization of domestic resources by attracting those idle, savings-free labor and raw materials to economic production. In addition to their supply of low-income consumer