中国封建社会教育家、理学家王阳明和捷克民主主义教育家、西方近代教育理论的奠基者夸美纽斯,都很重视儿童德育发展,在儿童德育思想上都提倡要顺应儿童身心发展,注重德育实践和引导。由于两者处在不同文化背景之下,他们对于儿童德育实施的具体内容和德育目的上又有不同的观点。本文通过分析王阳明和夸美纽斯两人儿童德育思想的异同,找出中西方儿童德育中的差异,对我们挖掘传统道德资源,合理借鉴西方先进德育思想有重要意义。 Chinese feudal society educators, philosophers Wang Yangming and Czech democratic educators, the founder of Western modern education theory Comenius, attaches great importance to the development of children’s moral education, advocated in children’s moral education to conform to the physical and mental development of children, pay attention to moral education Practice and guide. As both are in different cultural backgrounds, they have different views on the specific content of moral education and the purpose of moral education. By analyzing the similarities and differences between Wang Yangming’s and Comenius’s moral education ideas, this article finds out the differences between Chinese and western children’s moral education and is of great significance for us to excavate the traditional moral resources and reasonably learn from the western advanced moral education thoughts.