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在静态通气条件下,以养殖场鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪为材料,小麦秸秆作为调节物质,研究了堆肥过程中纤维素酶活性变化特性及其与堆肥温度的关系,旨在为农业废弃物资源化利用提供科学依据.结果表明:添加微生物菌剂后堆体升温迅速,堆肥1～2d后进入高温期,且高温腐解持续16～20d;对照处理在堆肥4～5d后进入高温期,持续时间仅为7～8d;整个堆肥过程中加菌剂处理的堆体温度高于对照.加菌剂处理在堆肥10～12d时纤维素酶活性达最高,依次为牛粪(0.642mg·g-1·d-1) >鸡粪(0.457mg·g-1·d-1)>猪粪(0.380mg·g-1·d-1);对照处理推迟2d达纤维素酶活性高峰,且酶活性高峰值低于同等物料的加菌剂处理,依次为牛粪(0.491mg·g-1·d-1) >猪粪(0.335 mg·g-1·d-1) >鸡粪(0.258mg·g-1·d-1),整个堆肥过程中加菌剂处理平均纤维素酶活性较对照提高了33.17%(牛粪)、20.17%(鸡粪)和12.4%(猪粪).堆肥初期堆肥温度过高不利于微生物的活动,纤维素酶活性在堆肥开始的3 ～4d低于初始水平,而后迅速上升.当堆肥温度等于或者低于60℃后,纤维素酶活性与有机物料温度变化间有显著正效应,对照处理两者间为线性关系,加菌剂处理两者间呈显著指数递增关系.
Under the condition of static aeration, using the chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure as the material and the wheat straw as the adjusting substance in the farm, the change characteristics of cellulase activity and its relationship with composting temperature in composting process were studied, The results showed that: after adding microbial inoculum, the temperature of pile increased rapidly, the composting went into the high temperature stage after 1 ~ 2d, and the high temperature decomposed lasted for 16 ~ 20d; the control treatment entered the high temperature stage after 4 ~ 5d , And the duration was only 7 ~ 8d.Under the composting process, the temperature of the reactor treated with the bactericide was higher than that of the control.Cellulase activity reached the maximum at 10-12 days after compost treatment, followed by cow dung (0.642mg · g-1 · d-1)> chicken manure (0.457 mg · g-1 · d-1)> pig manure (0.380 mg · g-1 · d-1) And the peak value of enzyme activity was lower than that of the same material plus antibacterial agent, followed by manure (0.491 mg · g-1 · d-1)> pig manure (0.335 mg · g-1 · d-1) 0.258 mg · g-1 · d-1). The average activity of cellulase in the composting process was increased by 33.17% (cow manure), 20.17% (chicken manure) and 12.4% (pig manure) compared with the control. Early composting temperature is too high Which is unfavorable to the activities of microorganisms.The activity of cellulase decreased from the initial level 3 ~ 4d after composting and then rose rapidly.When the compost temperature was equal to or lower than 60 ℃, there was a significant positive correlation between cellulase activity and temperature of organic materials The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the two effects, and the treatment with the addition of the bacterium showed a significant exponential increasing relationship.