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【目的】探索薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)合理高效的修剪措施,提高薄壳山核桃结果枝的比例,为建立丰产优质的修剪技术体系提供理论依据。【方法】以5年生薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’(‘Pawnee’)的幼树新梢为试验材料,研究环割和摘心处理对不同规格(以枝条长度进行划分)生长期枝条的生长和叶片中碳氮代谢物积累的影响。【结果】规格A(20~25 cm)、规格B(30~35 cm)和规格C(40~45 cm)枝条经环割处理后长度均低于对照,粗度和叶片碳氮代谢物含量均高于对照;其中规格A枝条长度低于对照22.09%,规格C枝条的粗度与对照的差异最大;可溶性糖含量一直呈上升趋势,而淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势。规格A、B和C枝条摘心处理后长度均低于对照,粗度和叶片碳氮代谢物含量均高于对照;其中规格A枝条长度低于对照15.05%,规格B和C粗度与对照差异显著;叶片碳氮代谢物含量出现不同的变化趋势,其中规格B枝条碳氮代谢物含量与对照存在显著差异;规格C枝条平均萌发两条新枝,最大长度达26.75 cm,最大粗度达8.86 mm。【结论】环割和摘心处理均能抑制‘波尼’枝条长度生长并促进粗度生长,但在不同规格间的效果有差异;摘心对规格C枝条萌发新枝的促进效果最好。
【Objective】 To explore reasonable and efficient pruning measures of Carya illinoensis and to increase the proportion of fruiting branches in the pecans of the walnut shell, so as to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a cropping system with high yield and good quality. 【Method】 The shoots of 5-year-old ’Hickory’ walnut variety ’Pawnee’ were used as experimental materials to study the effects of ring cutting and pinching on the growth of shoots with different specifications (divided by branch length) And the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in leaves. 【Result】 The results showed that the lengths of ring A and ring C under the conditions of 20 ~ 25 cm, 30 ~ 35 cm and 40 ~ 45 cm were lower than those of the control, Which was higher than that of the control. The length of branch A was lower than that of the control by 22.09%, and the difference of the diameter of branch C was the highest. The content of soluble sugar increased all the time while the content of starch and soluble protein increased first and then decreased . The length of the specifications A, B and C branches were lower than that of the control, the leaf thickness and leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolites content were higher than the control; the specifications A branches length is lower than the control 15.05%, the specifications B and C roughness and the control difference The content of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in branch B was significantly different from that of the control; branch C in the specification had two new branches on average with the maximum length of 26.75 cm and the maximum coarseness of 8.86 mm . 【Conclusion】 Ring cutting and topping treatment can both inhibit the length growth of ’Bonnie’ branches and promote coarse growth, but there are differences in the effect of different specifications; topping is the best to promote new branches of C branches.