通过阐明主体退隐,列维纳斯逃离了存在论,并进而依据凸显他者确立起伦理学。可由于自身长期战乱经历的影响,其伦理学并未着眼于个人,而是通过引入第三方,将责任延伸至集体,进而指向政治。此种伦理政治源于犹太教思想中的弥赛亚信仰,被称作爱之智慧,表现为积极的乌托邦。 Levinas escaped from the theory of existentialism by clarifying the retreat of the subject, and then established ethics by highlighting the others. Due to its own long-term war experience, ethics does not focus on individuals. Instead, it introduces third parties to extend its responsibilities to the collective and then to politics. This ethical politics stems from the Messianic faith in Jewish thought, known as the wisdom of love, manifested as a positive utopia.