心脏起搏器系统包括三个组成部分:1.脉冲发生器,2.刺激电极,3.联接两者的导管或导线。在本世纪六十年代以前,心脏起搏术广泛采用开胸手术的方法将电极直接缝在心外膜上或心肌内,通过导线与体外起搏器相连,称为导线经皮式或体外式起搏。自六十年代初开始了埋藏式起搏器的应用,电极可经静脉送入心脏内(心内膜起搏)或仍采用开胸手术方法安置心外膜电极。由于经静脉心内膜起搏法显著优于开胸手术的方法,如操作简单(即使内科医生也可单独从事)、手术损伤甚少、较为安全(静脉起搏手术死亡率低于1%)、易为 The pacemaker system consists of three components: 1. a pulse generator, 2. a stimulation electrode, 3. a catheter or lead that connects the two. Before the sixties of this century, cardiac pacing is widely used thoracotomy method directly to the electrode sewn on the epicardium or myocardium, connected with the external pacemaker through the wire, known as the percutaneous or in vitro lead Stroke Since the beginning of the sixties of the beginning of the application of buried pacemaker, the electrode can be intravenous into the heart (endocardial pacing) or is still using thoracic surgery placement of epicardial electrodes. Because transthoracic endocardial pacing is significantly better than thoracotomy, which is as simple as surgery (even if the physician can do it alone), the procedure is less invasive and safer (less than 1% mortality from venous pacing) Easy to