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晚近十年内,许多术中及术后危险因素的严重程度已降低了。这特别是由于术前、术中及术后的整个阶段中护理工作的改进。相反,血栓栓塞的发病率或许是有所增加。血栓形成的预防已成为近代医学中最迫切的问题之一。由于手术病人的年龄有所增长,手术操作更为复杂而范围广泛,以及异体移植物如导管及人工心胜瓣膜进入血流,因而进一步增加了这个问题的严重性。一般说来,对血栓形成的立即危险性容易识别,但对其重要的迟发併发症却不大注意。
In the last decade, many intraoperative and postoperative risk factors have been reduced in severity. This is especially due to improvements in care during the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative phases. In contrast, the incidence of thromboembolism may be increased. Thrombosis prevention has become one of the most urgent problems in modern medicine. This problem is further exacerbated by the increased age of surgeries, the more complex and extensive surgical procedures, and the influx of allografts, such as catheters and prosthetic valves. In general, the immediate risk of thrombosis is easily identified, but little is known about its important late complications.