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海洋石油是具有高风险的行业,尤其是开采高压天然气的生产设施,现场有大量静密封点,极有可能发生可燃气泄漏。计算流体力学(CFD)方法可以实现分析、判断和预测可燃气泄漏后所影响到的扩散区域,在事故的预防、控制以及平台应急、逃生方面均具有重要的指导意义。本文在对某气田群进行前期调查和深入分析的基础上,根据平台上设备实际运行情况,选择具有代表性的泄漏点。运用计算流体力学模拟方法,合理搭建平台的物理模型,选择适宜的扩散方程和边界条件,对该海上平台可燃气泄漏进行了模拟计算。计算结果表明平台上接触塔和测试分离器的泄漏概率最大,建议重点加强对上述设备单元内的管线、阀门、法兰等日常维护、保养,从预防角度进行风险控制:中心平台上接触塔、生产分离器和天然气清管球发射器,井口平台上井口采气树、测试管汇和测试分离器运行压力较高,泄漏后扩散后影响的范围、潜在升级的后果比较严重,建议对上述重点设备开展基于风险分析的检测工作;甲板空间内设置的防火墙、中控等房间形成阻挡物,在一定程度上影响了甲板空间内的通风效果,当风向为阻挡物的上风向时,天然气泄漏后扩散影响范围较大,此时应对整个影响区域内的明火源进行严格控制。基于CFD计算结果,可以有效划分平台的危险区域和火灾区域,为应急程序的细化提供参考依据,为事故发生后的应急指挥、选择正确的逃生路线提供参考。
Offshore oil is a high-risk industry, especially in the production of high-pressure natural gas production facilities. There are a large number of static sealing points on the site, which is highly likely to cause gas leaks. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method can be used to analyze, judge and predict the diffusion area affected by gas leakage. It has important guiding significance in accident prevention and control, as well as platform emergency and escape. Based on the pre-investigation and in-depth analysis of a group of gas fields, this paper selects the representative leakage points according to the actual operation of the equipment on the platform. Using computational fluid dynamics simulation method, the physical model of the platform was reasonably set up, and the appropriate diffusion equation and boundary conditions were selected to simulate the leakage of combustible gas on the offshore platform. The calculation results show that the leakage probability of the contact tower and the test separator is the maximum on the platform. It is suggested to focus on the daily maintenance and maintenance of the pipeline, valve and flange in the above equipment unit, and to take risk prevention from the perspective of prevention: contact tower on the central platform, Production separator and natural gas ballistic emitter, wellhead gas tree in wellhead platform, test manifold and test separator operating pressure is high, the scope of the spread after the spread of leakage, the potential consequences of upgrading more serious, it is proposed that the above-mentioned key Equipment to carry out risk analysis based testing; deck space set in the firewall, the control room to form a barrier, to a certain extent, affect the deck space ventilation effect, when the wind direction is the obstruction of the wind direction, the natural gas leaks The spread of a larger impact, this time should be controlled throughout the area of flame ignition. Based on the CFD calculation results, the dangerous area and the fire area of the platform can be effectively divided, providing reference for the refinement of emergency procedures and providing references for emergency command after the accident and selection of the correct escape routes.