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为探究秋海棠的优良栽培基质及草坪草的修剪废弃物替代泥炭作为基质的可能性,以栽培广泛的四季秋海棠幼苗为试材,在上海辰山植物园的栽培大棚中进行盆栽试验。分别选用T1(泥炭:珍珠岩=1:1)、T2(泥炭:珍珠岩:松树皮=1:1:1)、T3(玉米秆:珍珠岩:松树皮=1:1:1)、T4(玉米秆:珍珠岩:松树皮=2:1:1)、T5(草秆:珍珠岩:松树皮=1:1:1)、T6(草秆:珍珠岩:松树皮=2:1:1)、T7(蛭石:珍珠岩:松树皮=1:1:1)和T8(蛭石:珍珠岩:松树皮=2:1:1)8种混合基质,比较四季秋海棠的生长表现差异。结果表明,四季秋海棠在8种栽培基质中,上盆后30~60 d时茎均显著增大,60~90 d时株高、叶数和叶面积增加最多。最佳综合表现为T6处理,在该基质中,分枝数、叶片厚度、开花数、地上部分鲜干质量和相对叶绿素含量均最大。综合评价分析,基质用草秆:珍珠岩:松树皮=2:1:1替换泥炭,可满足四季秋海棠生长,因此,修剪后的草坪草废弃物可替换泥炭用于秋海棠的无土栽培基质。
In order to explore the possibility of replacing Begonia with good substrate and turfgrass pruning wastes as substrate, a pot experiment was conducted in the cultivation greenhouse of Chenshan Botanical Garden in Shanghai using cultivated Begonia septempunctata as test material. T1 (peat: perlite = 1: 1), T2 (peat: perlite: pine bark = 1: 1: 1), T3 (corn stalk: perlite: pine bark = 1: 1: 1) (Straw: perlite: pine bark = 2: 1: 1), T5 (straw: perlite: pine bark = 1: 1: 1) 8 kinds of mixed substrates of T7 (vermiculite: perlite: pine bark = 1: 1: 1) and T8 (vermiculite: perlite: pine bark = 2: 1: 1) . The results showed that the stems of Begonia septempunctata increased significantly from 30 days to 60 days after potting in the eight kinds of substrates, and the plant height, leaf number and leaf area increased most from 60 to 90 days. The best overall performance for T6 treatment, in the matrix, the number of branches, leaf thickness, flowering number, above-ground fresh weight and relative chlorophyll content were the largest. According to the comprehensive evaluation and analysis, the grass with straw: perlite: pine bark = 2: 1: 1 replaces peat to meet the growth of Begonia in four seasons. Therefore, the trimmed grass waste can replace peat for soilless culture substrate of Begonia.