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对民机在进近着陆阶段可能诱发飞行事故的低能量状态和驾驶员的改出操纵方法进行了研究。根据近年的民机事故分析报告,结合运输类飞机适航标准CCAR-25-R4、飞行试验指南AC25-7C、军用规范及相关行业标准,较系统地提出了涉及着陆拉平、侧风着陆和可控撞地的低能量状态的定量判定准则。以某型支线客机为例,采用数字仿真计算的方法,分别研究了在进近着陆过程中低动能和低势能状态可能导致的飞行安全问题及其特点。针对低动能改出提出了增加速度并抑制爬升的方法,针对低势能改出提出了增大俯仰姿态并保持速度的方法,最后通过仿真计算验证了两种改出方法的有效性。研究结果可为低能量告警系统的设计和驾驶员的改出操纵培训等提供理论参考。
The low-energy condition that the civil aircraft may induce a flight accident during the approach and landing and the driver’s rerouting method are studied. According to the analysis report of civil aircraft accident in recent years and combining with CCAR-25-R4 for transport class aircraft, AC25-7C for flight test, military codes and relevant industry standards, Criteria for Quantitative Determination of Low Energy States Colliding Lands. Taking a regional airliner as an example, the flight safety problems and their characteristics that may be caused by the low kinetic energy and the low potential energy state during approach and landing are studied respectively by means of numerical simulation. Aiming at the low kinetic energy remodeling, a method to increase the velocity and suppress the climb is put forward. The method to increase the pitch attitude and maintain the velocity is put forward for the low potential energy remodeling. Finally, the validity of the two revising methods is verified through the simulation. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the design of low-energy alarm system and driver’s rerouting training.