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一、概述 近三十年,港口在世界区域经济中所起到的高度集中和国际性作用表现得日益明显,致使世界上许多港口,尤其是发达国家的主要港口完成了从第一代港口向第三代港口的转变,世界及国际区域性大型中转港和中、小型喂给港随之产生。同集装箱运输一样,某些货物逐渐形成了由低级港口向中级港口流动,再由中级港口以向更高层次港口流动的格局,中、小型港口支撑支持港口的运输问题随之突出。东邻的日本国素有千港之国称号（不含九百余渔港）,但真正发挥着国内和国际物资运输作用的也仅有神户、横滨、名古屋、大阪、千叶、东京、下关等不到1％的港口;美国东西部沿海港口也有几百个,而承担着美国绝大多数货物运输的港口也仅有纽约、诺福克、巴尔的摩、波士
I. Overview Over the past three decades, the high concentration and international role played by ports in the world's regional economy has become increasingly evident. As a result, many ports in the world, especially the major ports in developed countries, have completed the transition from the port of the first generation The third generation of port changes, the world and international large-scale transit port and medium-sized and small-sized feeding port ensued. As with container shipping, some goods gradually form a pattern of moving from lower-level ports to intermediate-level ports and then intermediate-level ports to higher-level ports. As a result, the transportation problems of ports supporting small and medium-sized ports are highlighted. The east of Japan is known as the country of thousands of Hong Kong (excluding nine hundred fishing ports), but also the real transport of domestic and international goods only Kobe, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Chiba, Tokyo, Shimonoseki Less than 1% of the ports; there are hundreds of coastal ports along the east and west coasts of the United States, and only the ports that carry the vast majority of U.S. cargoes are New York, Norfolk, Baltimore,