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目的利用小动物呼吸机的微量机械通气技术建立基于新生大鼠的胎粪吸入综合征动物模型。方法取25只5~7日龄健康新生大鼠,1只作为正常对照;采用配对比较法将24只大鼠分为胎粪吸入性肺损伤模型组(MAS组)和假手术组(NS组),保证造模成功后每组10只,分别于机械通气条件下气管内灌入胎粪或生理盐水。分析各组动物的血气分析、肺部X线表现、肺的湿/干质量比以及肺组织病理学情况。结果 MAS组p H值、氧分压均显著低于NS组[(7.19±0.11)vs(7.31±0.08),P<0.05;(25±9)vs(62±12)mm Hg,P<0.05]。MAS组肺部X线出现胎粪吸入改变发生率显著高于NS组(10/10 vs 1/10)。MAS组肺湿/干质量比也显著高于NS组[(5.85±0.47)vs(4.28±0.71),P<0.05]。MAS组病理学改变符合胎粪吸入综合征表现,NS组双肺肺泡通气均一,无明显充血水肿。结论在微量通气条件下利用新生大鼠制备胎粪吸入综合征模型是可行的,可以为新生儿肺损伤的基础研究提供稳定的小动物模型。
Objective To establish animal model of meconium aspiration syndrome based on neonatal rat by using micromechanical ventilation technique of small animal ventilator. Methods Twenty-five healthy neonatal rats aged 5 to 7 days were selected as normal control. Twenty-four rats were divided into two groups: model group (MAS) and sham operation group (NS group) ), To ensure the success of modeling after each group of 10, respectively, under mechanical ventilation, intratracheal instillation of meconium or saline. Blood gas analysis, pulmonary X-ray findings, lung wet / dry mass ratio and lung histopathology were analyzed. Results The p H value and oxygen partial pressure in MAS group were significantly lower than those in NS group [(7.19 ± 0.11) vs (7.31 ± 0.08), P <0.05; (25 ± 9) vs (62 ± 12) mm Hg, P <0.05 ]. The incidence of meconium aspiration in pulmonary X ray in MAS group was significantly higher than that in NS group (10/10 vs 1/10). The lung wet / dry mass ratio in MAS group was also significantly higher than that in NS group [(5.85 ± 0.47) vs (4.28 ± 0.71), P <0.05]. The histopathological changes in MAS group were in accordance with the performance of meconium aspiration syndrome. The pulmonary alveolar ventilation was uniform in NS group with no obvious congestion and edema. Conclusion Neonatal rat model of meconium aspiration syndrome is feasible in the condition of micro-aeration, which can provide a stable animal model for the basic research of neonatal lung injury.