如同历史上任何政治、经济体制改革都要遭遇反对派从中作梗一样,赫鲁晓夫的改革也遭到反对派的激烈对抗。可以说:赫鲁晓夫的改革是在挫败反对派的抗拒中前进的。 苏联随着斯大林模式的确立,也同时形成了一套固定的思想模式和意识形态观念。斯大林模式所产生的相应的上层建筑,如同历史上的任何上层建筑一样,一经形成以后,就独立于经济基础之外,并且反过来起着维护和巩固斯大林模式的作用。斯大林曾经创造出不少不 As any political and economic reform in history has suffered from the opposition, the reform of Khrushchov has also been fiercely opposed by the opposition. It can be said: Khrushchov’s reforms are advancing in defeating the opposition. With the establishment of the Stalin model, the Soviet Union also formed a set of fixed ideological models and ideological concepts at the same time. The corresponding superstructure created by the Stalinist model, as in any historical superstructure, once formed, is independent of the economic foundations and, in turn, plays the role of preserving and consolidating the Stalinist model. Stalin once created a lot of no