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焊接构件的高温强度的可靠设计对保证高温压力容器及管道的结构完整性具有十分重要的意义。由于焊材或母材的性质均很难反映焊接接头的整体强度，用焊缝试样进行试验提供了合理评价焊接接头工艺性能的可能。但是试验室的焊缝试样能否真实地反映焊接构件的力学行为，则仍是需要进一步研究的问题。本文根据实验室单轴试验和计算模拟，揭示了单轴焊缝试样的局限性：用于高温强度评价基本上是合适的，但用于模拟实际焊接构件的力学行为则误差甚大，这取决于焊缝的受力状况。
Reliable design of the high temperature strength of welded components is of great importance to ensure the structural integrity of high temperature pressure vessels and pipes. As the properties of welding consumables or base metal are difficult to reflect the overall strength of welded joints, with the weld test specimens provide a reasonable assessment of the possibility of welding joint performance. However, it is still a problem that needs to be further studied whether the weld samples of the laboratory can truly reflect the mechanical behavior of welded components. Based on laboratory uniaxial tests and computational simulations, the limitations of uniaxial weld specimens are revealed: the evaluation of high temperature strength is generally adequate, but the mechanical behavior used to simulate actual welded components is largely erroneous, depending on Stress conditions in the weld.