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1.真空技术和低温技术19世纪中叶以来,相继发现了成为近代物理学基础的新现象和定律。其中,我们真空技术工作者最关心的是气体分子运动论、速度分布律等定律以及水银空气泵、涡轮分子泵等设备的发明。所有这些都是构成现代真空技术的重要的里程碑。与此同时,也完成了新的成为现代低温技术基础的发现和发明。例如:高压下的乙炔、氧气液化实验、状态方程和迁移理论的建立等。20世纪以来,真空与低温分别有了迅速的发展。真空技术领域不仅在理论上有所创新,而且发明了至今仍为真空技术基本设备的油旋转泵、扩散泵、皮喇尼规和电离规。因此,真空技术在其它领域中应用的可能性增大了。
1. Vacuum Technology and Cryogenic Technology Since the mid-19th century, new phenomena and laws that have become the basis of modern physics have been discovered one after another. Among them, our vacuum technology workers are most concerned about the laws of gas molecular motion, the law of speed distribution and mercury mercury air pump, turbopump and other equipment invention. All of these are important milestones in modern vacuum technology. At the same time, new findings and inventions that underlie the modern cryogenic technology have also been completed. For example: acetylene under high pressure, oxygen liquefaction experiment, the state equation and the establishment of migration theory. Since the 20th century, vacuum and low temperature have developed rapidly. The field of vacuum technology has not only been theoretically innovative, but also invented the oil rotary pump, diffusion pump, Pirani gauge and ionization gauge that are still the basic vacuum technology equipment today. Therefore, the vacuum technology is more likely to be applied in other fields.