目的查明广西隆林和西林县鼠疫自然疫源地主要宿主动物和媒介蚤类,确定该疫源地的性质和分布范围,为预防控制鼠疫提供科学依据。方法运用流行病学方法对广西隆林和西林县的4个乡镇53个村屯展开调查,采集啮齿动物、指示动物和媒介蚤标本,检测鼠疫菌和鼠疫F1抗体。结果该地区啮齿动物有2目3科10种,以黄胸鼠为优势鼠种;蚤类有6种,以印鼠客蚤为优势蚤种;从黄胸鼠体内分离出鼠疫菌25株,检测到F1抗体阳性血清31份。结论综合地理、宿主动物、媒介蚤及病原体等因素分析认为,广西隆林和西林县存在黄胸鼠鼠疫自然疫源地。 Objective To identify the main host animals and vector fleas in the plague natural foci of Longlin and Xilin counties in Guangxi and determine the nature and distribution of the foci and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the plague. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to investigate 53 villages in 4 towns and villages in Longlin and Xilin County of Guangxi. Specimens of rodents, indicating animals and vector fleas were collected to detect Yersinia pestis and F1 antibody. Results Rodents in the area were 2 orders, 3 families and 10 species. The dominant species was Rattus flavipectus. There were 6 species of fleas, F1 antibody-positive serum was detected 31 copies. Conclusion According to the analysis of factors such as geography, host animals, vector fleas and pathogens, the natural foci of rattus yellow fever are found in Longlin and Xilin of Guangxi.