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目前,马铃薯窖贮病害严重地威胁着种薯的生产。在贮藏期间各种病害所造成的种薯损失是相当严重的;例如,1981年我们在呼和浩特市榆林公社调查,发现窖贮病害所造成的种薯损失达34—55％。窖贮病害猖獗的原因是多种因素造成的。但是引进不耐贮藏的品种是贮藏病害严重发展的主要原因,其中窖贮病害最多,感染最严重的是克新号码的品种,虽然不少资料介绍克新1号和4号“高度抗环腐病,中度抗晚疫病,较耐贮”。然而,在呼和浩特郊区的情况下,特别是在榆林公社,种植克新一和四号比同薯8号,其窖贮的损失多21％。国内其它省也有这方面的报道。目前,许多国家把降低块茎贮藏时的损失作为马铃薯栽培的主要问题之一进行研究。我们调查及国外资料证实,在块茎中存在Phoma-Fusarium和细菌—真菌混合腐烂。在东德进行的研究表明,贮藏期后半段时间所有腐烂块茎的50—70％有干腐和湿腐的混合症状。他们也发现Erwinia caratovora var.atroseptica,Fusarium ssp.病原菌混合侵染不仅不能抑制彼此之间的发展;相反,在许多情况下刺激了它们的发展。块茎的窖贮腐烂是由许多因素决定的,而生长期的马铃薯感染也是重要原因之一。而生长期的感染往往又与种薯的感染有关系。我们研究的目的是为了揭示春天种植的感病种薯和秋天所收获的块茎感染之间的关系。人们都知道贮藏时的块茎腐烂是由真菌和细菌病害引起的,所以我们利用Phoma-Fusarium和细菌腐烂病害作为研究对象。
At present, the disease of potato cellar storage seriously threatens the production of seed potato. For example, in a survey conducted in Yulin commune of Hohhot in 1981, it was found that the disease caused by cellar diseases was 34-55% of the loss of seed potatoes. The reasons for the rampant disease of pit storage are caused by many factors. However, the introduction of impatient storage of varieties is the main reason for the serious development of storage diseases, of which cellar storage disease most, the most serious infection is grams of new varieties, although a lot of information on grams of new No. 1 and No. 4 “ Disease, moderate resistance to late blight, more resistant to storage. ” However, in the outskirts of Hohhot, especially in Yulin Commune, the planting of Ke Xin I and IV was 21% more than that of Zhuanzhu No.8. Other provinces in the country also reported this area. At present, many countries study reducing the loss of tuber storage as one of the main problems in potato cultivation. Our investigation and foreign data confirmed the presence of Phoma-Fusarium and mixed bacterial-fungal decay in tubers. Research conducted in East Germany showed that 50-70% of all decayed tubers had a mixture of dry and wet rots during the second half of the storage period. They also found that Erwinia caratovora var. Atroseptica, Fusarium ssp. Mixed infection by pathogenic pathogens not only failed to inhibit each other’s development; on the contrary, they stimulated their development in many cases. Tuber cellar storage decay is determined by many factors, and the growth of potato infection is also one of the important reasons. However, the infection during the growing season is often related to the infection of the seed potato. The purpose of our study is to reveal the relationship between susceptible seedlings grown in spring and tuber harvested in the fall. It is well known that rotting tubers during storage are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, so we used Phoma-Fusarium and bacterial rot disease as research subjects.