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通过田间试验研究不同质地典型土壤(砂土、砂壤土、胶泥土),在相同气候条件下对烟叶生长发育、烤后烟叶物理性状、化学成分、色素含量、感官质量等的影响。结果表明,砂壤土的烟株生长发育较好,适时成熟落黄,烤后烟叶质量较好,物理性状适中,化学成分协调,色素降解充分,感官质量较好;砂土地的烟株前期生长较旺,中后期生长代谢缓慢,营养过度消耗,烤后烟叶叶片大小、单叶重、叶质重较小,含氮化合物含量较低,糖类较高,色素含量较低,上部叶感官质量较好,中部叶欠佳;胶泥土地的叶片大小、单叶重、叶质重较大,大分子物质含量较高,含氮化合物含量较高,糖类较低,色素残留量较高,中部叶感官质量较好,上部叶欠佳。砂壤土有利于优质烟叶质量的形成。因此,通过采取合理措施改良砂土、胶泥土,使其趋于砂壤土的物理特性,更有利于生产优质烟叶。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil texture soils (sand, sandy loam and clay soil) on the growth and development of tobacco leaf, the physical properties, chemical composition, pigment content and sensory quality under the same climatic conditions. The results showed that the tobacco plants in sandy loam soil had better growth and development, timely maturing and yellowing, good quality tobacco leaf after roasting, moderate physical properties, coordinated chemical composition, adequate degradation of pigment and good sensory quality. Wang, slow growth and metabolism in late growth, over-consumption of nutrition, leaf size after flue-cured tobacco leaves, leaf weight, leaf weight is relatively small, lower nitrogen content, higher sugar content, lower pigment content, Good, the middle leaves poor; clay soil leaf size, single leaf weight, heavy leaf mass, higher content of macromolecules, higher nitrogen compounds, lower sugar, higher pigment residues, middle leaves Sensory quality is better, poor upper leaves. Sand loam is conducive to the formation of quality tobacco. Therefore, by taking reasonable measures to improve the sand, clay soil, making it tend to the physical characteristics of sandy loam, more conducive to the production of high-quality tobacco.