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改革开放以来,我国引进了几十套大型现代化温室,但运营状况大都不佳,而具有中国特色的设施园艺发展迅猛,社会经济效益显著。引进温室运营状况不佳的主要原因除了盲目重复引进外,主要是不适合国情: (1)不适合我国的气候条件。现代化玻璃温室发展最早、面积最大的荷兰,冬季最低气温为-5℃,能耗少,且天然气很便宜,夏季又无需水帘强制降温,运营成本低。而我国北方地区冬季最低气温在-10～-20℃,甚至更低,加温生产能耗多;长江中下游地区,冬春低温寡照,对温室生产极为不利,夏季气温经常在35℃左右,不仅降温难度大,而且运营成本高。 (2)不适合我国的生产方式。国外大型现代化温室生产单元大,属于规模生产设施,不适宜我国的小规模、多品种,多熟制生产。
Since the reform and opening up, China has introduced dozens of sets of large-scale modern greenhouses, but the operating conditions are mostly poor. However, the facilities and gardening with Chinese characteristics have witnessed rapid development and remarkable social and economic benefits. In addition to blindly repeated introduction, the main reason for the introduction of greenhouse operation is not suitable for China’s national conditions: (1) It is not suitable for our climatic conditions. The earliest modern glass greenhouse is the Netherlands with the largest area. The minimum temperature in winter is -5 ℃, and the energy consumption is low. Natural gas is very cheap. There is no need to cool the curtain in summer to lower the operating cost. In northern China, the minimum temperature in winter is between -10 ~ -20 ℃, even lower, which results in more energy consumption for heating. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the low temperature in winter and spring is extremely unfavorable to greenhouse production. The temperature in summer is often around 35 ℃, Not only difficult to cool down, but also high operating costs. (2) is not suitable for our country’s mode of production. Foreign large-scale modern greenhouse production unit, belonging to the scale of production facilities, not suitable for China’s small-scale, multi-species, multi-cooked production.