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通过2009~2012年的秸秆还田定位试验,研究不同用量小麦及玉米秸秆还田对植烟土壤养分及真菌群落多样性的影响。研究结果表明:有机质及速效养分指标均随秸秆还田量的增加而增加,且等量玉米秸秆还田效果优于小麦秸秆。PCR-DGGE的检测结果显示秸秆还田能一定程度提高土壤真菌群落的多样性,其中真菌丰度和香浓多样性指数随着玉米秸秆还田量的增加而增加,而小麦秸秆在中量还田时(4500 kg hm~(-2))多样性最高,且等量玉米秸秆还田在提高真菌多样性的效果优于小麦秸秆。此外,秸秆还田各处理土壤的真菌群落结构相似性较高,真菌多样性相似系数均大于0.73。特异条带的测序显示,与对照相比,小麦秸秆1500 kg hm~(-2)还田处理中,隐囊菌属真菌(Apanoascus)及毛壳属真菌(Chaetomium)出现,玉米秸秆还田7500 kg hm~(-2)处理,两种特异性的真菌类群(Uncultured Eukaryote和Fungal sp.CRS567818T-1)出现。且土壤真菌多样性与土壤有机质、全钾及碱解氮呈显著正相关。可见,秸秆还田能够增加土壤养分含量,提高烟田土壤真菌群落多样性,这有助于烟草土传病害控制、烟田生态系统的健康维护及其可持续发展。
Through the experiment of straw returning in 2009 ~ 2012, the effects of different amounts of wheat and corn stalks on soil nutrient and fungal community diversity were studied. The results showed that both organic matter and available nutrients increased with the increase of straw returning amount, and the same amount of corn straw returned to field was better than wheat straw. The results of PCR-DGGE showed that straw returning could increase the diversity of soil fungi community to some extent. The fungal abundance and fragrant diversity index increased with the increase of corn stalks, (4500 kg hm ~ (-2)) was the highest, and the same effect of returning corn straw to improve fungal diversity was better than that of wheat straw. In addition, the similarities of the fungal communities in the soil treated with straw were higher, and the similarity coefficients of fungal diversity were all greater than 0.73. The sequencing of the specific bands showed that compared with the control, Apanoascus and Chaetomium appeared in 1500 kg hm -2 of wheat straw, kg hm -2, two specific fungi (Uncultured Eukaryote and Fungal sp. CRS567818T-1) appeared. Soil fungal diversity was positively correlated with soil organic matter, total potassium and available nitrogen. It can be seen that straw returning to soil can increase soil nutrient content and increase the diversity of soil fungal communities in tobacco fields, which is conducive to the control of tobacco soil-borne diseases, the healthy maintenance of tobacco ecosystem and its sustainable development.