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近几年来,高导电碳丝的生产取得了重要近展。用各种各样的原材料,如人造丝、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、沥青,中间相沥青和苯等所制成的石墨化碳纤维,其导电率常在10~6—10~7(Ωm)~(-1)之间,抗拉强度1—3GPa,杨氏模量100—700GPa,密度1.8—2.2×10~3Kg/m~3。这些性质表明,石墨碳纤维有可能作为载流体而用于电力输送。本文从纤维的电气及机械性能的角度考察它的物理机理,并对它的应用前景,即对那些具有良好导电性而机械性能不致衰减的石墨化碳纤维的应用作出评价。人们发现,化学掺杂(层间)会使高度石墨化的碳纤维在抗拉强度稍有降低的情况下,其导电率有可能增加5—15倍。它们在电力传输中的应用是多种多样的,比如,地下和架空导线,管状电缆的管子,架空高塔,以及海低电缆。最近则最有可能用在高塔和海低电缆中,因为石墨化纤维高比强度的优点可以抵消它在导电性上的不足,可与铝线或铜线相媲美。
In recent years, the production of highly conductive carbon filaments has made important recent developments. Graphitized carbon fibers made of various raw materials, such as rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), pitch, mesophase pitch and benzene, have conductivity of usually 10 to 6-10 to 7 (? M) ~ -1, tensile strength 1-3GPa, Young’s modulus 100-700GPa, density 1.8-2.2 × 10 ~ 3Kg / m ~ 3. These properties indicate that graphite carbon fibers may be used as a carrier fluid for power transmission. This paper examines the physical mechanism of the electrical and mechanical properties of the fibers, and evaluates the application of graphitized carbon fibers with good electrical conductivity and mechanical properties without degradation. It has been found that chemical doping (interlaminar) can increase the electrical conductivity of highly graphitized carbon fibers by a factor of 5 to 15, with a slight decrease in tensile strength. They are used in power transmission in a variety of ways, such as underground and overhead conductors, tubes of tubular cables, overhead towers, and low-sea cables. Most recently it is most likely to be used in high-tower and low-sea cables because the high strength of graphitized fiber counteracts its lack of conductivity comparable to aluminum or copper wire.