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压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)是中老年妇女的常见疾病,其神经损伤机制是目前研究的热点之一。研究证实,SUI患者肛提肌的肌电图存在失神经支配和再神经支配改变,同时支配盆底肌的神经传导速度下降及潜伏期延长,表明SUI的神经损伤机制在疾病的发生发展中起重要作用。神经生理和生化方面的基础研究证实了神经损伤后递质的变化,动物模型的建立也提供了强有力的证据。目前很多研究还提出了发生盆底神经损伤的危险因素以及针对SUI的盆底功能锻炼和电刺激疗法等治疗措施。
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly women. The mechanism of nerve injury is one of the hot topics in the research. Studies have shown that there is denervation and re-neuroendromism in the EMG of the levator ani in SUI patients, and at the same time, it controls the decrease of nerve conduction velocity and prolongation of latency of the pelvic floor muscles, indicating that the mechanism of nerve injury in SUI plays an important role in the development of the disease effect. Basic research in neurophysiology and biochemistry confirmed the changes of neurotransmitters after nerve injury, and the establishment of animal models also provided strong evidence. At present, many studies have also proposed the risk factors of pelvic nerve injury and pelvic floor exercises and electrical stimulation therapy for SUI and other treatment measures.