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经济学中一种广为流行的观念认为,货币是从物物交换中发展而来,但是莫斯等早期人类学家的研究却表明,早期的货币形式其实是嵌入文化中的“单边的非商业支付手段”。我们在此将其称为文化货币。20世纪五六十年代,波兰尼学派的研究揭示了现代货币给殖民地社会带来的影响,殖民地本土的文化货币被现代货币所取代,货币在人们的生活中的影响越来越大。简言之,货币统治了整个文化生活,形成了某种货币文化。波兰尼学派之后,许多人类学家对这一简单的叙事展开了批判,看到了非市场社会的现代化中货币与文化的复杂关系。
One of the most popular notions in economics is that money evolved from the exchange of objects, but studies by early anthropologists such as Moss show that the early forms of money were in fact embedded in the culture Non-commercial means of payment ". Here we call it the cultural currency. In the 1950s and 1960s, Polanyi’s study revealed the influence of modern currency on colonial society. The local cultural currency in the colonies was replaced by modern currency, and the influence of currency in people’s life was more and more significant. In short, money ruled the entire cultural life, forming some kind of monetary culture. After the Polanyi school, many anthropologists criticized this simple narrative and saw the complex monetary and cultural relationship in the modernization of non-market societies.