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目的调查高原移居者返回平原地区后高原脱适应症的发生状况及趋势。方法对293名(年龄40～75岁,平均55.5岁)移居西藏拉萨地区(海拔3650m)和青海格尔木地区(海拔2780m)5～35年,并在近2年返回平原地区的高原移居者进行问卷调查分析。结果 293名移居者中220名(75.1%)出现脱适应症状,涉及神经、呼吸、消化、循环等多个系统。自高原返回昆明(2200m)、北京(40m)、郑州(100m)三地的移居者的高原脱适应症发生率分别为61.0%、83.7%、82.4%,其中返回北京及郑州地区者的高原脱适应症发生率显著高于返回昆明地区者(P<0.01)。移居高原20年以上组返回昆明、北京、郑州后高原脱适应发生率分别为69.2%、94.2%、93.3%,明显高于移居高原10年组(分别为47.5%、67.6%、66.7%)。拉萨地区移居者返回昆明、北京、郑州后高原脱适应症发生率分别为68.8%、92.0%、89.7%,明显高于青海格尔木地区移居者(分别为48.8%、72.2%、72.7%)。结论高原移居者从高原返回平原地区的海拔高度差越大、在高原居住的时间越长、移居地海拔高度越高,返回平原后高原脱适应症的发生率越高。
Objective To investigate the incidence and trend of altitude apathy indications after plateau settlers returned to the plains. Methods 293 (aged 40-75 years, average 55.5 years old) migrated to Lhasa, Tibet (3650m above sea level) and Golmud, Qinghai (2780m above sea level) for 5 to 35 years. In the past 2 years, plateau migrants who returned to plain areas were surveyed research analysis. Results Among the 293 migrants, 220 (75.1%) showed symptoms of desensitization, involving multiple systems of nerve, respiration, digestion and circulation. The incidences of detached altitude sickness from settlements in Kunming (2200m), Beijing (40m) and Zhengzhou (100m) were 61.0%, 83.7% and 82.4%, respectively, of which the return to the plateau in Beijing and Zhengzhou The incidence of indications was significantly higher than those returned to Kunming (P <0.01). The incidences of post-emigrant decontamination in Kunming, Beijing and Zhengzhou returned to the plateau for more than 20 years were 69.2%, 94.2% and 93.3% respectively, significantly higher than those in the 10-year emigration (47.5%, 67.6% and 66.7% respectively). The incidences of detoxification of post-Lhasa settlers returned to Kunming, Beijing and Zhengzhou were 68.8%, 92.0% and 89.7% respectively, significantly higher than that of settlers in Golmud, Qinghai (48.8%, 72.2% and 72.7% respectively). Conclusions The higher the altitude difference between plateau migrants returning from the plateau to the plain, the longer the time to live in the plateau, the higher the altitude of the resettlement and the higher the altitude of deplasticization after returning to the plain.