引言虽然对生命科学的认识明显地可以分成各级水平(从亚细胞水平直到行为水平),但迄今为止研究的主要动力一直集中在其中的每一级水平上,例如集中在分子水平、细胞水平或行为水平上;相形之下比较忽视研究各级水平之间的关系和相互影响。后一研究属于系统分析的范畴。此外,就某一个水平来进行研究所用的方法论中有很大一部分(这部分方法论也 INTRODUCTION Although the understanding of life science can clearly be divided into all levels (from subcellular to behavioral levels), the main driving force until now has focused on each of these levels, for example on a molecular level, at the cellular level Or behavioral level; in contrast, they neglect to study the relationship and mutual influence among the levels at all levels. The latter study belongs to the category of systematic analysis. In addition, there is a large part of the methodology used to conduct research at a certain level (this part of methodology is also