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食品及食品添加物可引起广泛多变的过敏症状。其发病原因包括若干不同的变应性扣非变应性的机理;后者涉及的症状与含有诸如组胺或酪胺等血管活性胺类食物有关;或发生在酶类缺乏的病人。 摄入不耐性食物之后,可立即出现症状,但大多在数小时甚至数日后才出现症状,因此多数病人靠病史诊断是固难的。食物所致的速发型症状的患者皮试呈阳性,而迟发型症状的患者皮试常常阴性。食物特异性抗体IgE与速发型症状显示良好的相关性,而与迟发型症状却无相关性;后者原因可能是很多人皮试阳性而无症状,有的皮试阴性却有症状。由此看来,用某些食品或食品添加物进行这些试验可能是不实用的。
Food and food additives can cause a wide range of allergic symptoms. The pathogenesis includes several different mechanisms of allergic non-allergic reactions; the latter involves symptoms associated with vasoactive amine-containing foods such as histamine or tyramine; or in patients with deficient enzymes. Symptoms appear immediately after intolerance foods, but most often show symptoms within hours or even days, so it is difficult to diagnose most patients by history. Patients with rapid hairstyle due to food are skin test positive, while those with late onset symptoms are often negative skin tests. Food-specific IgE and fast-onset symptoms showed good correlation, but no correlation with delayed-onset symptoms; the latter may be due to many people test positive and asymptomatic, and some skin test negative but symptomatic. From this, it may not be practical to carry out these tests with certain foods or food additives.