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以CeCl6×6H2O 和NH3×6H2O为原料,使用离子液体1-丁基-3甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)辅助水热法在160℃下合成了CeO2纳米棒。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明：使用离子液体辅助水热法制备的产物为 CeO2纳米棒,而没有离子液体时产物则为外形无规则的纳米颗粒。所制备的纳米棒直径为13~25 nm,长度为200~500 nm。增大离子液体的用量将得到纳米颗粒。此外,升高水热温度至180℃所得样品为直径19~24 nm的纳米球,该纳米球由2 nm的纳米晶团聚而成。“,”CeO2 nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 160℃ from CeCl6·6H2O and NH3·H2O in the presence of an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The phase and morphology of the result-ing products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), respectively. The results reveal that morphology of CeO2 prepared in the presence of the ionic liquid is nano-rod while it changes to irregular nanoparticle without ionic liquid. The resulting nanorods are about 13–25 nm in diameter and 200–500 nm in length. With the increase of ionic concentration, nanorods were disappeared gradually and nanoparticles were obtained. Moreover, increasing the hydrothermal temperature to 180℃, nanospheres at size of 19–24 nm could be synthesized by aggregation of ~2 nm nanocrystals.