目的掌握学校食堂安全状况,消除食品安全隐患,预防和控制食源性疾患的发生,保障学生的身体健康。方法利用2011—2012年的调查数据,对驻马店市82家学校食堂(含托幼机构食堂)的食品安全状况进行分析评价。结果 82所学校食堂承包经营率为31.71%。许可证持证率为90.24%,从业人员健康证持证率为76.36%。选址、布局、功能区面积、消毒保洁设施、三防设施合格率分别为79.27%、70.73%、69.51%、71.95%、64.63%,选址、三防设施合格率城区高于农村,消毒保洁设施配备率城区明显高于农村。学校食堂索证索票率、入库查验率、台账建立率分别为67.07%、80.49%、62.20%,托幼机构索证索票、入库查验率均高于大中专院校和中小学食堂,台账建立率明显高于后者。学校食堂食品添加剂的使用率为35.36%,农村低于城区,使用频率较高的为膨松剂、增味剂、食品用香料、甜味剂,加工的食品主要是蒸煮面食、烤培食品、炒菜、酱卤肉。存在超范围、超剂量使用食品添加剂的现象。未发现在食品中非法添加非食用物质的现象。生活饮用水合格率为89.02%,城区高于农村;水质不合格的原因是微生物指标超标、一般化学性指标不合格。结论该市学校食堂管理存在一定问题,学校应创新思路,建立长效监管机制;加强经费投入,合理布局、完善卫生设施;有的放矢,强化从业人员培训;树立典型示范,规范农村学校食堂的设置;加大卫生监管力度,履行监管职责;广泛宣传教育,引导学生正确消费。 Objective To master the safety of school canteens, eliminate hidden dangers of food safety, prevent and control the occurrence of food-borne diseases and ensure the health of students. Methods Based on the survey data from 2011 to 2012, the food safety status of 82 school canteens (including kindergartens) in Zhumadian City was analyzed and evaluated. Results 82 school canteens contracted management rate was 31.71%. Permits permit rate was 90.24%, practitioners health certificate rate was 76.36%. The passing rate of site selection, layout, functional area, disinfection and cleaning facilities, and three anti-fouling facilities were 79.27%, 70.73%, 69.51%, 71.95% and 64.63% respectively. Facilities equipped with urban areas was significantly higher than the rural areas. School cafeteria certificate card rate, warehousing inspection rate, the establishment rate of Taiwan accounts were 67.07%, 80.49%, 62.20%, kindergarten certification card, storage inspection rate were higher than in colleges Primary school canteens, bill rate was significantly higher than the latter. School canteens use 35.36% of food additives, lower than urban areas in rural areas, the higher the use of leavening agents, flavor enhancers, food spices, sweeteners, processed foods are mainly cooked pasta, baked food, Stir-fry, sauce, braised pork. Existence of over-range, over-the-counter use of food additives. No unlawful addition of non-food stuffs to food was found. The passing rate of drinking water was 89.02%, and the urban area was higher than that in rural areas. The reason for the unqualified water quality was that the microorganism exceeded the standard and the general chemical indicator failed. Conclusions There are some problems in the management of school canteens in the city. Schools should create new ideas and establish long-term regulatory mechanisms. They should strengthen their financial input, rationalize their layouts and improve their sanitation facilities. Targeted and intensive training should be set for the employees. A typical demonstration should be set up to standardize the settings of rural school canteens. Increase health supervision, perform regulatory responsibilities; extensive publicity and education, and guide students to the correct consumption.