一、问题的提出 1、认识的主体性和客观性的关系及二者在认识过程中的地位和作用问题是哲学史上的一个长期争论而未得到很好解决的难题,这一问题随着本世纪自然科学特别是相对论和量子力学的发展而凸显出来。自相对论和量子力学建立之后,科学家和哲学家之间就围绕科学认识的性质和特点展开了激烈的争论。占主导地位的一种观点认为,现代物理学把认识主体引入了微观认识过程,科学认识对象、过程和结果中不可剔除地包含着认识主体的主体性,科学 First, the issue raised 1, the relationship between the subjectivity and objectivity of knowledge and their status and role in the process of understanding is a long-term controversy in the history of philosophy, but not well solved the problem, the problem with this Century natural sciences, especially the development of relativity and quantum mechanics, are highlighted. Since the establishment of relativity and quantum mechanics, scientists and philosophers have fiercely debated around the nature and characteristics of scientific understanding. The dominant view is that modern physics introduces the subject of cognition into the process of microscopic cognition, the object of scientific cognition, and the subject and process of the process and result that can not be excluded from the subject of cognition,