本文调查了闵行地区上呼吸道感染(上感)儿1008例次,鼻、咽部抽吸液定量培养及血培养出病原菌271株,阳性率23.3％;发病3天内阳性率17.7％,发病3天后29.8％,差异显著(P<0.01);冬、春季以球菌为主,夏、秋季多为杆菌(P<0.01);杆菌类在婴儿占优势,球菌类分布在幼儿及以上年龄组较多(P<0.01)。各菌株对常用抗菌药均有一定耐药性。讨论了本地区卡他布兰汉氏菌问题,提出小儿上感选用抗生素的几点参考意见。 In this paper, 1008 cases of upper respiratory tract infection (upper sensory) in Minhang area were investigated. 271 strains of nasal and pharyngeal aspirates were obtained by quantitative culture and blood culture, the positive rate was 23.3%. The positive rate was 17.7% within 3 days of onset and 3 days after onset 29.8%, the difference was significant (P <0.01). Most of them were cocci in winter and spring, and were mostly bacilli in summer and autumn (P <0.01). Bacilli were dominant in infants and cocci distributed in infants and older age groups P <0.01). The strains of common antibacterials have some resistance. Discusses the issue of Crabs in the region, and puts forward some suggestions for the selection of antibiotics in children.