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多孔吸声材料由于具有比重小、取材范围广、加工制造工艺相对简单等优点而在吸声降噪领域显示出了广阔的应用前景。为了更好的研究与设计多孔吸声材料,总结和分析了多孔材料中孔隙率、孔隙形貌、孔径、厚度和空腔等结构因素对材料吸声性能的影响。发现孔隙率和孔径过大或过小均不利于吸声性能的提高,可能存在一最佳值;而厚度和空腔的增加能有效提升吸声性能,不过存在一上限值。另外,对此类研究进行了展望。
Porous sound absorbing materials have broad application prospects in the field of sound absorption and noise reduction because of their advantages of small specific gravity, wide range of material drawing, and relatively simple manufacturing process. In order to study and design porous sound-absorbing materials better, the influences of porosity, pore morphology, pore size, thickness and cavities on the sound-absorbing properties of the materials were summarized and analyzed. It is found that porosity and pore size are too large or too small for the improvement of sound absorption performance, there may be an optimal value; while the increase of thickness and cavity can effectively enhance the sound absorption performance, but there is an upper limit. In addition, the prospects for such research are also discussed.