产业竞争规则经历了从成本竞争、速度竞争、到技术竞争的变迁,相应地,产业生产方式由大批量生产向柔性生产演进,产业竞争优势由价格向质量演进,产业组织形式从一体化的企业内部分工向企业间分工演进。产业集群是企业适应竞争规则变迁、赢得竞争优势的演进适应系统。 The industrial competition rules have undergone the changes from cost competition, speed competition to technology competition. Correspondingly, the mode of industrial production has evolved from mass production to flexible production. The competitive advantage of industry has evolved from price to quality. The form of industrial organization has changed from an integrated enterprise Internal division of labor to the evolution of the division of labor between enterprises. Industrial cluster is an evolutionary adaptation system for enterprises to adapt to changes in competition rules and win competitive advantages.