现实主义文学的变化和发展既包括现实主义文学的内容和主题等,也包括现实主义文学的形式和手段等。两者息息相关,但又具有自己变化发展的相对独立性。我们这里所称的现实主义诗学,不完全指现实主义理论,也不完全指现实主义美学;它探讨和研究的是现实主义文学的形式和手段等,而不是其内容和主题等。俄国现实主义诗学走过了一个十分复杂曲折的风雨历程,而这个历程又往往同国际文艺思潮的风云变幻和著名的争论紧密相联。 The change and development of realist literature include not only the content and theme of realistic literature, but also the forms and means of realistic literature. The two are closely related, but they also have the relative independence of their own development. The realist poetics, as we refer to here, do not completely refer to the theory of realism nor to the realist aesthetics. It explores and studies the forms and means of realistic literature, not its content and theme. Russian realistic poetics has gone through a very complicated twists and turns, and this course is often closely linked with the changing and famous controversy of international literary trends.