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栽培平菇要获丰收,在栽培的品种、季节等闲素确定后,科学的水分管理便成为决定的因素。在水分管理上若能正确运用“准、稳、巧”的方法,平菇产量可得到大幅度的提高。 (一)配料时加水要准 正确掌握培养料的含水量,是培养粗壮菌丝的关键,因它直接影响到发菌速度、菌丝密度,从而会影响到后期产量。水分偏高,培养料内空气相对减少,菌丝由于缺氧生长速度减慢,并易发生如鬼伞之类的杂菌,导致菌床污染,表层易长菌皮,菌丝易老化、发黄,产量明显降低;水分太少,菌丝生长速度减慢,菌丝纤细、弱,菌丝密度低、松,出菇迟,产量低。实践证明,平菇培养料的含水量以60％左右最适宜。100kg干料加110～120kg水即可。拌好料后,手抓料用力挤,见指缝内有水但又不下滴为准。 (二)发菌期水分要稳 平菇发菌时的水分管理原则是要“保”水,使水分不易失掉,而不是失掉后重新补水。拌料时60％的水分要能长久维持,这样菌丝才能发得好,干干湿湿对发菌极为不利,另外发菌时补水还易造成污染。床栽保水的办法用地膜,防止水分蒸发。袋栽是利用塑料袋来保水。有些初栽者,由于不注意发菌阶段的保水,干了就补水,常使培养料干湿交替,结果导致平菇菌丝发不好而失败。
Cultivation of mushrooms to be bumper harvest, cultivated varieties, season and other free elements to determine the scientific management of water has become a decisive factor. If the water management right to use “accurate, stable, clever” approach, mushroom production can be greatly improved. (A) ingredients when adding water to accurately grasp the water content of culture materials, is the key to cultivate thick mycelium, because it directly affects the germination speed, mycelial density, which will affect the late yield. Moisture is relatively high, the air in the culture material is relatively reduced, the mycelium grows slower due to hypoxia, and miscellaneous bacteria such as Coprinus comatus are easy to occur, which leads to the contamination of the germ bed, the easy growth of the surface coat and the easy aging of the mycelium Yellow, yield was significantly reduced; too little water, mycelial growth slowed, mycelium slender, weak, low mycelium density, loose, fruiting late, low yield. Practice has proved that the water content of mushroom cultivation material to about 60% of the most appropriate. 100kg dry material plus 110 ~ 120kg water can be. After mixing the material, squeeze the hand grasping force, see the water within the finger but not under the drip shall prevail. (B) Hair Strain Water to stabilize Mushroom germination when the moisture management principle is to “protect” the water, so that water is not easy to lose, rather than lost after replenishment. Spice 60% of the water to be able to maintain long-term, so that mycelium can be made well, wet and dry hair is extremely unfavorable to the hair, the other bacteria when the water is also easy to cause pollution. Membrane bed water storage methods to prevent water evaporation. Bag is the use of plastic bags to water. Some early planters, due to not pay attention to the hair stage of water retention, dry on the water, often make the wet and dry culture materials alternately, resulting in failure of Pleurotus ostreatus hair.