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目的调查和分析一起风疹疫情流行特征,探讨风疹防治对策。方法开展流行病学调查。用Ep iData、SPSS等软件对病例进行描述性分析及病例对照研究。结果本次调查44例病例,学校病例38例,小学罹患率23.31%;此次暴发持续42 d,并有潜伏期病例存在;临床症状以单纯出疹伴发热为主,占19.00%;年龄集中于6岁组,性别间无统计学意义(χ2=2.16,P=0.14);患病学生无风疹疫苗免疫史;不同班级间罹患率均有统计学意义(χ2=18.63,P=0.00);学校与家庭接触方式均可导致病例的发生。病例对照研究结果显示:居民区是否有风疹病例及学校班内首发病例未及时隔离作为暴露因素均有统计学意义(χ2=7.00,P=0.008;χ2=11.67,P=0.001)。结论这次风疹暴发是一起由传入病例引起的传播,与病例的未及时隔离和易感人群聚集等流行因素相关。
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a rubella epidemic and discuss the prevention and treatment measures of rubella. Methods To carry out epidemiological investigation. EpiData, SPSS and other software were used to carry out descriptive analysis and case-control study. Results The survey of 44 cases, 38 cases of school, primary school attack rate of 23.31%; the outbreak continued for 42 days, and the existence of latent cases; clinical symptoms were simple rash with fever, accounting for 19.00%; age focused on (Χ2 = 2.16, P = 0.14). There was no history of rubella vaccine immunization among the students in the 6-year-old group. The attack rates among different classes were statistically significant (χ2 = 18.63, P = 0.00) Contact with the family can lead to the occurrence of cases. The results of case-control study showed that there were significant differences in the incidence of rubella in residential areas and the first-time cases in school without exposure (χ2 = 7.00, P = 0.008; χ2 = 11.67, P = 0.001). Conclusions This outbreak of rubella is a combination of transmission caused by the imported cases and is associated with epidemiological factors such as the untimely isolation of cases and the accumulation of susceptible populations.