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试验设计了3块钢板夹泡沫铝夹芯板,厚度分别为50 mm、70 mm和100 mm。对每种厚度夹芯板进行七组不同落锤高度的冲击试验,测得了上、下面板变形值,记录了夹芯板的破坏情况。应用数值模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进一步还原夹芯板冲击过程,导出了面板与芯材的吸能占比。基于假设的夹芯板理论模型,给出了平均冲击荷载、局部变形和整体变形最大值的估算公式。结果表明:当夹芯板尺寸和材料强度一定时,局部变形值与落锤高度的平方根成正比,整体变形最大值、平均冲击力均与落锤高度的平方根成线性关系。夹芯板的抗冲击性能主要依靠增大泡沫铝芯层的变形进行耗能,芯层越厚,泡沫铝吸能占比越大,局部变形越小,夹芯板受到的冲击力越大。
Three steel sandwich panels were designed and tested with 50 mm, 70 mm and 100 mm thicknesses respectively. For each thickness of the sandwich panel seven different drop height impact test, measured the deformation value of the lower panel, recorded the destruction of the sandwich panel. The numerical simulation software ANSYS / LS-DYNA was used to further reduce the impact process of the sandwich panel and to derive the energy absorption ratio of the panel and the core. Based on the theoretical model of the sandwich panel, the formulas of the average impact load, the local deformation and the maximum global deformation are given. The results show that the local deformation value is proportional to the square root of the height of the drop hammer when the size of the sandwich panel and the material strength are constant. The maximum overall deformation and the average impact force are linear with the square root of the height of the drop hammer. The impact resistance of the sandwich panel mainly relies on increasing the deformation of the foam aluminum core layer for energy dissipation. The thicker the core layer, the larger the aluminum foam energy absorption proportion, the smaller the local deformation and the greater the impact force on the sandwich panel.