利用扫描电镜对葡萄山椒等5个花椒品系的果实表面纹饰、气孔器及油腔区表面超微结构特征进行了初步观察,结果表明:山椒的果皮表面呈深脊状皱褶,脊背上的角质层呈纹层状,油腔轮廓凹陷,位于皱脊之间。花椒果实的表面呈浅皱褶,脊背上的角质层呈不规则多边形,油腔轮廓上凸,呈山丘状,位于皱脊上;花椒的气孔密度、大小和开放程度明显高于山椒。种内差异表现为:琉锦山椒的气孔密度、大小以及开放程度显著高于葡萄山椒和朝仓山椒;葡萄山椒的表面油腔密度较高,个体表面直径较大,朝仓山椒的表面油腔密度较低,个体表面直径较小。两个花椒品系中,秦安一号的气孔开放程度存在两种类型,即一类开放,另一类完全闭合;陕西大红袍花椒仅有开放型气孔器一种类型。5个花椒品系的油腔外表皮细胞形状均为5～6边形。 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface ornamentation, stomata and the ultrastructure of stomata in five Chinese prickly ash (Capsicum annuum L.) grapes. The results showed that the surface of the peel of the prickly ash was deep ridged folds, Layered layer, the oil chamber depression profile, located between the crease ridge. Prickly ash fruit surface wrinkles, the back of the stratum corneum is irregular polygon, oil chamber contour convex, was hill-shaped, located in the ridge; pepper stoma density, size and opening degree was significantly higher than the pepper. The intraspecific differences were as follows: Stomatal density, size and opening degree of P. chrysanthemum were significantly higher than that of grapes and Asakura chinensis. The surface oil volume of grape peppers was higher and the surface diameter of individuals was larger. Lower density, smaller individual surface diameter. In the two pepper strains, there are two types of stomatal opening degree in Qin’an-1, namely, one type is open and the other is completely closed. Shaanxi Dahongpao pepper has only one type of open stomatal apparatus. The shape of the outer epidermis cells of 5 pepper germplasms was 5 ~ 6 polygon.